Investigation of Optimum Sustainable Designs for Water Distribution Systems from Multiple Economic, Operational, and Health Perspectives

Optimizing the design of water distribution systems often faces difficulties due to continuous variations in demands, pressure requirements, and disinfectant concentrations. The complexity this optimization even increases when trying optimize both hydraulic quality models. Most previous works literature did not investigate linkage between models, either by combining them into one general model or selecting any representative solution proceed from another. This work introduces an integrated two-step framework designs while investigating reasonable network configuration selection view before proceeding design. is mainly based on a modified version multi-objective particle swarm algorithm. algorithm’s first step optimizing minimizing system’s capital cost maximizing reliability. second targets total consumed chlorine mass accumulated differences actual maximum concentrations for all junctions. applied Safi Network Yemen. Three scenarios are proposed selected decision variables. results show superior performance scenario, optimized 24-h multipliers pattern flow-paced booster station, compared other terms diversity final solutions.